The governments of Armenia and the United States have signed a series of memoranda of understanding (MOUs) in the fields of technology, energy, and infrastructure to deepen cooperation and strengthen bilateral ties.
Recognizing their shared interest in innovation, economic progress, and technological advancement — especially in semiconductors — both governments agreed to enhance collaboration under a new framework.
According to the agreement:
"The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter 'Participants'), recognizing their shared interest in promoting innovation, economic development, and technological progress, and expressing mutual interest in investing in Armenia's semiconductor ecosystem to support commercialization and mutual economic benefit, affirming a joint desire to enhance resilient supply chains for semiconductors, and acknowledging the complementary nature of their efforts and the strategic benefits of closer cooperation, have reached the following understanding."
The aim of the MOU is to deepen the U.S.-Armenia strategic partnership by focusing on secure supply chain development, including semiconductor manufacturing and the integrated circuit industry. It also seeks to boost commercialization of artificial intelligence (AI) and assess Armenia’s potential for improved status within the U.S. export control framework.
The parties intend to prioritize:
- Development of Armenia’s semiconductor sector
- Encouragement of private investments through joint programs
- Effective knowledge exchange on semiconductors and AI
- Promotion of collaboration with research institutions for innovation and tech transfer
The cooperation covers raising awareness about Armenia’s semiconductor ecosystem in the U.S. private sector, strengthening export control mechanisms, enhancing AI application security, and advancing Armenia’s technological infrastructure.
The MOU is set for one year, renewable three times. It clearly states:
"This MOU does not create any rights or obligations under domestic or international law. The Participants acknowledge that it does not entail any funding commitments…"
A second MOU focuses on expanding cooperation in energy security.
"The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter 'Participants'), expressing mutual interest in investing in Armenia’s energy sector to promote diversification, security, resilience, and modernization, and affirming a shared desire to expand civilian nuclear cooperation…"
The agreement outlines goals to align Armenia’s energy market with international standards, advance a low-carbon economy, and build workforce capabilities.
It also includes cooperation on small modular reactor technology transfer, energy storage facility development, and modernization of power grids. Cybersecurity of energy infrastructure is also highlighted as a priority.
The document has a one-year term and will be monitored through ongoing consultations. Each side covers its own expenses.
The third MOU addresses the Crossroads of Peace project aimed at strengthening Armenia’s infrastructure and border security.
"The Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter 'Participants'), emphasizing unwavering support for Armenia’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and the inviolability of its internationally recognized borders, and expressing mutual interest in investing in the ‘Crossroads of Peace’ initiative…"
The MOU outlines enhanced support for border protection, customs capacity, and cybersecurity, as well as promotion of private investment to advance infrastructure development.
The partnership includes training programs and resource sharing to build Armenia’s institutional capabilities.
Each of the MOUs explicitly states that no legal obligations or formal partnerships are established, and the parties retain their full sovereign powers while operating independently.
